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The complex life of Frederick of Aragon, second-born of Ferdinando I of Naples, is analyzed through a work of decomposition and interpretation of the data that concern to the political, cultural and ideological physiognomy of a character considered marginal in the the dramatic Italian events of the end of the XV century. Frederick represents instead, in his formation and his roles, the extraordinary experiment that was the Aragonese system of government, and the meaning of a whole political civilization: the Renaissance of the specula principis, of the political art, that can show once more the measure of its inexhaustible originality through the reconstruction of lives as this, transversals, uniques and deeply absorbed in the practice of the power.

Political science.

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On the basis of the recent monograph by C. Ginzburg and G. Pedullà's review, it is possible to identify the word nondimanco/nondimeno (nonetheless) as an important element in Renaissance political writing. However, it does not only appear in the work of Machiavelli or Guicciardini and in the more conscious reflections by the intellectuals, but also in the huge amount of letters that constitute the government correspondence of the time. In these kinds of pragmatic texts, referring to the state of Milan in the Sforza age, it recurs as a key word of a dilemma: the friction between law and transgression (or exception considered legitimate) and also between law and practice. On one hand, it expresses an assumption invested in value: the duke must honor his promises and the contents of the chapters agreed on with his subjects; custom demands respect; factional divisions must be overcome. At the same time it reveals the concern that this principle could be trampled upon, or instead the will, if not the need, to attenuate the more general rule. This conjunction thus summarized the requirement to nuance the law, to adapt it to circumstance, and to conciliate potentially conflicting rights or reasons. In short, it stands as an indicator of one of the main causes of open tensions in the late medieval state, debated by a long tradition of scholars ranging from O. Brunner to R. Fubini: the opposition between the authority of the prince, as arbiter of the exception requested from time to time from the same variety of concrete situations, and the legalistic culture of the territorial bodies, which, referring to law and custom, tempted to stem the "extraordinary" powers that the duke was attributing to himself.

Political science

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Attempts to adapt the idea of sovereignty in order to understand the phenomenon of European integration inevitably lead to two opposing theoretical representations: on the one hand, to configure European integration as a process derived from and legitimised by state sovereignty; on the other hand, on the contrary, to consider the European Union as the locus of sovereign legitimation and that this radiates out over the member states. These reconstructions are inadequate: on the one hand, they employ a notion of sovereignty that does not fit the plural organisations of state, and, in particular, the idea of federalism, and, on the other hand, they were unable to valorise the original features of the EU system, its functioning and relations with the member states. The aim is to investigate the prerequisites and limits of the Union's tax power and, to this end, the question of the (preferable) qualification of the Union will be addressed first; then, that of the contents and boundaries of the Union's tax competences in order to verify the ownership of a power to introduce own taxes, having regard to the regulatory function of the Union and the instrumental function for the establishment and functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

Political science.

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Political science --- Philosophy --- Political Science - General

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The celebration of the 794th anniversary of the founding of Federico II University represents the occasion to give back to the city one of its symbolic places, the Courtyard of the Statues in the Monumental Cloister of the House of the Savior. This architectural complex is famous for its sumptuous porch in Piperno stone, for the statues of the illustrious figures of the past, for the eighteenth-century sundials, for the great clock, finally restored today. Years of renovation work had prevented the full use of a building that for centuries has hosted one of the most extraordinary ancient book collections in Italy and that since the nineteenth century has been the scene of the intellectual development of generations of students. After the Unification of Italy a pantheon was created in the Monumental University Cloister with the statues of illustrious men of the past and present, to exhort new generations to the high values of ethics and scientific research. Choosing this venue to celebrate the foundation of one of the oldest universities in Europe means to collect the legacy of "an extraordinary past" in these complex times, as Gaetano Manfredi writes in his preface, "to highlight the beacon of critical thinking in the globalised growing from our strong historical roots".

Political science. --- Technology.